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Pelham Road, also commonly referred to as Shore Road, is a historic 4.1-mile east-west arterial road that runs along the Long Island Sound shoreline through the southern Westchester County, New York communities of New Rochelle, Pelham Manor, and the Pelham Bay Park section of the Bronx in neighboring New York City. The thoroughfare had its beginning as an Indian trail linking the important Indian villages on Davenport Neck to those on Pelham Neck in Pelham. Between these points along the shore line there was an almost continuous chain of small Indian villages and camps. This waterfront area was especially advantageous, with many small coves in secure harbors and protected by adjacent islands and many small streams of water and abundant springs.〔New Rochelle, New York; Barbara Davis〕 ==History== From early times, the section of the road from New Rochelle to the Pelham Town line was called the "way to Mr. Pell's" and "Road to Pell's Manor".〔"A History of the County of Westchester, from Its First Settlement to the Present Time"; Robert Bolton, 1848〕 Once at the Town of Pelham, the road was merely a private way of the Pells' through their Manor. There was little need for a public highway beyond that point for the manor was private property, and was of little importance to New Rochelle settlers who were not tenants of the Lord of the Manor and held their land practically free of all manorial rights.〔"New Rochelle Through Seven Generations", C.H.Augar, p.58〕 The Huguenot settlers of New Rochelle, in laying out their home lots from the Boston Road to the waterfront, crossed the trail with each lot, which was thereby cut into two parts. These lots were largely taken up by settlers interested in commercial enterprises north of the waterfront. Once the present Center Avenue, Drake Avenue and Weyman Avenue were opened to the shore from the Boston Road, public landings were built at their ends along the waterfront. By 1710, there were more than twice the number of houses along the New Rochelle shore as in the central part of the town on the Boston Road, however, the original Indian trail had still not been officially laid out as a road.〔"A History of the County of Westchester, from Its First Settlement to the Present Time"; Robert Bolton, 1848〕 Cooper-shops were put up along the shore and, as other trades increased, the neighborhood became more and more important as a business district. A patent was issued on November 20, 1754, to Samuel Rodman and John Wooley who established a ferry across the Sound to Cow Neck, Long Island and, in 1785, another ferry was established by Richard Sands, both landing adjacent to the Pelham Road. ".〔''Records of the Town of New Rochelle'', Jeanne A. Forbes, (Paragraph Press) 1916, pg.219〕 From this time on, for a century or more, Pelham Road more than held its own in competition with the Boston Road, although the latter had the advantage of being the through route from New York to Boston, and was the stagecoach and mail route. As early as 1829, the steamboat came to Pelham Road as a means of travel. The early boats landed at Town Dock Road, but they were transferred before 1833 to a new dock on Neptune Island, where they continued to land thereafter.〔(The New York Supplement ), West Publishing Company, page.748〕 This was followed by the building of the Neptune House hotel on that island in 1837. Before this, a bridge had been erected across Eastchester Bay and a direct road opened connecting with Westchester Village, West Farms, Morrisania and New York City. These added to the importance of the Pelham Road by making it a major through route. 〔The New York Supplement, West Publishing Company, page.748〕 The opening of the New York and New Haven Railroad in 1849 and the rapid development of traffic by train, rather than by boats or stagecoach, caused Pelham Road to dwindle in significance as a through route for travel. The business that had developed from the early days of the settlement along its route, gradually gave way to the rapid increase along the railroad route and the Boston Turnpike (Main Street). After the incorporation of the Village of New Rochelle (1857), the section of the road west of Center Avenue came to be called Pelham Road. In 1886, the New Rochelle and Pelham Railroad (horse-cars), was constructed along Shore Road from Center Avenue to the Neptune House Road, to connect with the ferry to Starin's Glen Island and the Government ferry to Davids' Island. In 1898, an electric trolley line was substituted for the horse-cars, coming through Drake Avenue, and the tracks on Pelham Road were removed from Drake Avenue to Center Avenue. In 1928, by action of Westchester County, the road was widened and straightened over its entire length and became a through route for travel between New York City and New England points.〔Records of the Town of New Rochelle, Jeanne A. Forbes, (Paragraph Press) 1916, pg.219〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pelham Road (New York)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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